Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic infection caused by larval form of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The adult tapeworm inhabit the small intestine of some carnivores (called definitive or final hosts), and the larval phase, or “metacestode” develops in the herbivores (intermediate hosts). The presentation form of the larval phase is the development of cysts, called hydatid cysts. Although all of us know the vital cycle of the parasite and the different aspects of the disease, the designations around the parasite, its evolution and some therapeutic procedures is not uniform. In fact we frequently see the use of inappropriate terms, based on incorrect concepts. It would be useful to use the same nomenclature and it is absolutely necessary that the nomenclature is correct and universally accepted. So, it is pertinent to remember some important points related to the CE and, above all, to clarify some aspects concerning its nomenclature, in order to understand better the therapeutic options, particularly the different surgical approaches.

Background: To synthesize the concept of muscle-sparing thoracotomies for major pulmonary resections and to explore the relationship between Kraissl’s lines and skin incisions perpendicular to them. Methods: Systematic literature review was performed of MEDLINE database. Articles were selected if they described adult patients undergoing major pulmonary resection by way of a well described thoracotomy that neither partially nor completely transects outer thoracic muscles, and that is independent of endoscopic instruments, and video technology. Median sternotomy was excluded.

Introduction: The appearance of a framework for occlusive colorectal tumor raises complex issues and difficult. We need to ensure a resumption of normal bowel function in patients often in extreme conditions. Emergency surgery flounders in a derivation and a resection with restoration of intestinal transit. The progress of digestive endoscopy can now make available a medical procedure can solve the framework occlusive both as palliation both as a bridge to safer surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the indications and limitations of the method of colon prosthesis with self expandable stents.

Background and purpose: During knee joint distraction (KJD) treatment, using an external fixation-frame, pin-tract infections frequently occur. These local skin infections, although treated successfully with oral antibiotics, might lead to latent infections. This raises concern about subsequent placement of a total knee prosthesis (TKP). This study evaluates the first five cases in which patients had to be treated with TKO after KJD failure.

Introduction: Vascular compromise causes hand pain, and physical examination requires to differentiate vascular causes from isolated ulnar nerve compression. Diagnostic studies visualize vascular abnormalities such as CT scans, MRA scans, and AV fistulograms. Ulnar artery aneurysms are quite rare discoveries, related to repetitive trauma, vasculitis, anatomic abnormalities, or infections. It is essential to repair any aneurysm when flow impediment causes significant symptoms. Blunt injury to the ulnar artery and superficial palmar arch damages the arterial wall and forms an aneurysm. The sensory branch of the ulnar nerve becomes compressed. Treatment here is to resect the thrombotic segment to relieve the compression. It is interesting to note, in this particular case, that a high origin and superficial ulnar artery had coursed along the forearm and entered along the ulnar side of the hand. The presence of such anatomic variations are essential in medical practice.

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infection of liver. One of frequent reason of liver mass is hydatid cyst in tropical and rural countries. In some cases rapidly grow up of cyst mimic liver masses. Sixty years old female admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound showed 74x75 mm in segment two, 115x91 mm in segment six and 115x62 mm in segment four type four hydatid cysts. The patient was admitted for surgery; pericystectomy and omentoplasty performed. In multiple cysts, surgical management is sometimes difficult. It is better to drain all the cysts at the same time. Surgical interventions can prevent complications and spread of Echinococcosis also gives a chance of curative treatment.

5-year survival rates of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) remain unsatisfactory after surgery with curative intent and disease recurrences, including distant metastases, are frequent. Only a minority of this heterogeneous disease is positive for EGFR mutations and suitable for Tyrosine Kinase-Inhibitor biological agents, which however present limits in terms of stable response to treatment, due to the acquired drug resistances. A few trials administrating EGFR inhibitors combined with surgery, in neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings, have been reported with lack of evidence. The third-generation EGFR inhibitors, with the amelioration of techniques of gene profiling and the knowledge of pathways could extent the spectrum of complementary-to-surgery treatments in NSCLC at high risk of relapse.

Indroduction: Neuroendocrine tumors (NEN) of the gastro-entero-pancreatic tract (GEP) are a group in themselves very heterogeneous of tumors that are different for the site of localization in the digestive tract (foregut, midgut and hindgut), both in relation to the pathological aspects, functional activity and nosographic classification.

Anterior rectus sheath haematoma is a rare condition that typically arises from rupture of the inferior epigastric artery in patients with coagulation disorder, on anticoagulation, or after abdominal trauma. We report an unusual case of spontaneous rupture of the superior epigastric artery following a violent paroxysm of coughing in a young adult with no known coagulopathy. This case highlights the importance of radiology in clinching the diagnosis and aiding in successful conservative management with complete resolution.

Background: To investigate clinic-pathological characteristics, hormonal receptors and HER2 receptor of male breast cancer. Materials and methods: Retrospective study of 10 cases between 2010 and 2013. The studied parameters were: tumor size, histological type, histological grade, lymph node status, hormonal status and overexpression of HER2.